The fact that the results of depth profiling are in a good agreement both with EMP and PIXE results and, with the assumed ways of incorporation of the studied elements in the HAP structure, suggests a very good potential for this method. During cooler months of the year the scale grows more slowly and. The results were compared with the solution based ICP-MS and EMP analyses. As the fish grows, the scale increase in size and growth rings called circuli become visible. The combination of all mentioned laser ablation techniques provides complete information about the elemental distribution in the fish scale samples. Spot analysis allows information to be obtained about the depth profile of the elements at the selected position on the sample. Annuli (true year marks) are characterized by crowded ridges and consistent 'cutting across' at both sides of the scale. Also, the first new circuli in the spring cut across the incomplete circuli (Figure 9.1). (b)ĭepth profiling using spot analysis was tested in fish scales for the first time. In the spring, when feeding and growth resume, new circuli form that are spaced further apart. Suitable ablation conditions providing a deeper ablation crater gave average values from the external HAP layer and the collagen basal plate. (a.) To make void or of no effect to nullify to abolish to do away with - used appropriately of laws, decrees, edicts, decisions of courts, or other established rules, permanent usages, and the like, which are made void by component authority. The ablation crater of 55 μm width and 50 μm depth allowed analysis of the elemental distribution in the external layer. Definition: (a.) To reduce to nothing to obliterate. Two different LA-ICP-MS techniques were tested on recent common carp ( Cyprinus carpio) scales: (a)Ī line scan through the whole fish scale perpendicular to the growth rings. LA-ICP-MS and solution based ICP-MS in combination with electron microprobe are presented as a method for the determination of the elemental spatial distribution in fish scales which represent an example of a heterogeneous layered bone structure. The first annulus may also consist of several close, irregular or discontinuous circuli following the fall growth and preceding the spring growth.
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